- Forside
- |
- All products
- |
- Sewage Effluent Test Kit
Sewage Effluent Test Kit
Test kit for free and total chlorine
-
Some reagents required for tests shown in this booklet are classed as hazardous and as such, a minimum protection of gloves (rubber or plastic) and safety goggles/spectacles or facemask MUST BE WORN.
In addition please note and observe the Risk and Safety phrases on each reagent container and follow handling guidelines as instructed.
GENERAL NOTES
- Avoid contact with skin or eyes
- In case of contact with skin or eyes rinse immediately with plenty of running tap water, and seek medical attention
- Seek attention if irritation persists
- In case of ingestion, wash the mouth out thoroughly with water, try to vomit and seek medical attention
-
The test should take between 10 and 30 drops of titrant to reach the end point. If number of drops is outside this range, adjust the sample volume used. i.e. < 10 drops used, increase sample volume or > 30 drops, reduce sample volume.
Rinse titration vessels with the sample to be tested or de-ionised or distilled water.-
Hold dropper bottles vertically upside down and not inclined at an angle.
-
Allow drops to form slowly and fall off under their own weight.
-
Keep dropper nozzles clean by wiping with a soft cloth or tissue. Especially remove encrustation caused by reagents drying out on the bottle tip.
-
Do not shake drops off.
-
Ensure droppers are not statically charged. An indication of this is a rapid stream of very small drops with no proper control of drop formation.
-
Apply gentle pressure to the bottle walls to encourage drop formation if necessary.
-
Re-place the dropper cap immediately after use to prevent cross contamination.
-
Never adjust the dropper tip aperture by inserting anything that may enlarge the opening or damage the restrictor. If the dropper tip becomes damaged, replace.
-
Use syringes provided to obtain accurate sample volumes. Do not rely on the graduations on the titration vessels, which are for rough guidance only.
-
-
Note: Test should be carried out immediately on fresh samples. If adding chlorine in an intermittent dose, wait 10 - 15 minutes after dosing before sampling and testing. This does not apply to systems using continuous dosing equipment.
-
Take sample according to expected range.
-
Add 6 drops of FCL1.
-
Add "X" drops of FCl 2. Count the drops.
-
Until colour changes to blue / green.
Free Chlorine (0 - 30 mg/l) — sample volume and factor selection Expected range Sample range
FCL2Factor 1 - 4 40 ml 0,25 2 - 8 20 ml 0,5 5 - 15 10 ml* 1 10 - 30 5 ml* 2 Colours may vary depending on sample and test conditions
Free Chlorine (mg/l) = "X" drops of FCl2 x Factor
*Dilute samples of less than 20 mm to 20 ml with de-ionized or distilled water
-
-
Note:
1. Take care not to shake or aerate the sample
2. Store the reagents in a cool and dry place
mg/l = ppm-
Fill one (1) tube with 10 ml of sample. Place in the left side of the comperator.
-
Add one DPD N0.1 tablet to the order tube containing a small amount of the sample.
-
Fill the tube to the 10 ml mark, fit the cap and mix thoroughly. Place in right side Of comparator.
-
Rotate the disc until colour match is obtained. Record disc reading of Free Chlorine.
-
Take the right hand tube from the comparator. Add one (1) DPD N0.3 tablet, fit the cap and mix thoroughly. Place in right side Of comparator.
-
Rotate the disc until colour match is obtained. Record disc reading of Total Chlorine.
Combined Chlorine in mg/l or ppm = Total Chlorine - Free Chlorine
-
-
-
Fill both tubes with 10 ml of sample. Place in the left side of the comparator.
-
Add one Universal pH tablet to the order tube, fit the cap and mix thoroughly.
-
Place in right side Of comparator.
-
Rotate the disc until colour match is obtained. Record disc reading of pH.
pH is disc reading
-
-
This test is a simplified version of the standard AO test for indicating the general quality of final effluents. The test enables the Permanganate Value (PV) to be determined and the effluent classified as to its acceptability for discharge.
-
Take three (3) sample jars and fill each to the 100 ml mark with sewage effluent.
-
Add two (2) Acidifying SE tablets to each jar, mount the cap and shake to the tablets disintegrate.
-
To the first, second and third jars, add respectively 1, 2 and 3 Permanganate Value tablets. Mount all three caps and shake until the tablets are dissolved.
-
Wait for 30 minutes, then note how many jars have remained pink. Read the results from the below stated table.
Permanganate Value grading PERMANGANATE VALUE Permanganate Value Grading All Three 0 - 10 Excellent Two 10 - 20 Satisfactory One 20 - 30 Dubious None Over 30 Unsatisfactory - When testing crude sewage, add 10 ml sample to each jar and make up to 100 ml mark with de-ionized or distilled water. Proceed with the test as described above the multiply the Permanganate Value by 10.
- When testing settled sewage, add 20 ml sample to each jar and make up to 100 ml mark with de-ionized or distilled water. Proceed with the test as described above the multiply the Permanganate Value by 10.
-
-
It is possible to derive an indication of Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and Total Organic Carbon (TOC) from the result of the Permanganate Value test. This is based on the relationship between these measures of organic pollution obtained experimentally for domestic sewage and effluents.
To convert the Permanganate Value (PV) for doestic sewage and effluent to probable BOD,COD and TOC values multiply by the following factors:
BOD, COD and TOC conversion factors from Permanganate Value BOD, COD AND TOC Sewage Effluent Probable BOD PV x 5 PV x 1,5 Probable COD PV x 10 PV x 7 Probable TOC PV x 3 PV x 2 -
The turbidity test is designed to give a measure of the suspended solids content of the final effluent. It is also useful in following the day to day variation in the quality of sewage and effluent.
The Palintest Turbidity Test uses a specially calibrated plastic tube. This provides the simplest possible method of performing this important test.
-
Hold the tube vertically over a white surface and view downwards.
-
Gradually pour in effluent sample until the black cross is just no longer visible.
-
Read off the graduation corresponding to the height of the sample. This represents the turbidity of the effluent in Jackson Turbidity units (JTU). For sewage effluents the gradations may also be taken as being approximately equivalent to the Suspended Solids Content as mg/l or ppm.
The Royal Commission Standards for effluents recommends that the suspended solids contents of sewage effluent should not exceed 30 mg/l
Note:
The tube should be rinsed after use. Any staining may be removed by the use of a household detergent. -
-
Hygicult E/ß-GUR slides are intended for presumptive detection of bacteria belonging to the family Enterobacteriaceae and for identification of species producing ß-glucuronidase enzyme. The slide is covered on one side with modified VRB Agar (Violet Red Bile Agar with addition of glucose) which allows bacteria belonging to Enterobacteriaceae to grow as red colonies. The glucose also allows some other species to grow as red colonies. The other side of the slide is covered with colourless ß-Gur Agar. Species producing ß-glucuronidase are able to grow on this side as brown colonies. The test can be performed on-site for monitoring different types of materials, both solid and liquid. As required, the slides can be used as convenient transport media for samples.
Note: The limit values for microbial count in normal drinking water are too low to be detected by the Hygicult method.
Sampling
To avoid contamination, the growth medium should not come into contact with any other material than the one to be tested. On the other hand, it is important that the growth medium makes full contact with the material to be tested. After sampling screw the slide tightly back into the tube.
Three sampling methods are available depending on the material to be tested.
-
Contact inoculation (Fig. 1a, 1b)
Solid surfaces can be tested by pressing each side of the slide firmly against the surface for three or four seconds. The slide should be held still during pressing.
-
Dipping (Fig. 2)
Fluid samples are tested by dipping the slide in the liquid for three or four seconds. Blot the last drops on absorbent paper. -
Swabbing (Fig. 3)
Semisolid materials or objects that are difficult to reach can be tested by carefully rolling a sterile swab over an area delimited using e.g. a frame. If the object is dry, the swab should first be moistened with sterile water. The moistened swab can also be used for obtaining samples from powders (e.g. spices) or viscous fluids. After swabbing the sample area, roll the swab gently over the agar surfaces of the slide from left to right and from bottom to top. -
Incubation (Fig. 4)
Incubate the slide tightly enclosed in its tube at 35…37°C for 24–48 hours. -
Interpretation of results (Fig. 5)
Remove the slide from its tube after incubation and determine the microbial count (number of colony forming units, CFU) and examine the colour reactions by comparing with the model chart. Bacteria belonging to Enterobacteriaceae grow on the modified VRB Agar as red colonies. The glucose also allows some other gram-negative bacteria, e.g. Pseudomonas species, to grow as red colonies. ß-glucuronidase-positive organisms grow on β-GUR agar as colonies in various shades of brown. As the colouration may be weak for some strains at high densities (106–7 CFU/ml), any shade of brown is indicative of ß-glucuronidase-positive growth. ß-glucuronidase activity is found in ca. 90 % of strains of Escherichia coli. Some species of Salmonella, Edwardsiella, Shigella and Yersinia are also ß-glucuronidase producers. Gram-negative strains without ß-glucuronidase activity grow as colourless colonies on this agar. The growth of gram-positive organisms is inhibited on both media. The following levels can be considered as a rough basis for evaluating the degree of contamination:
Clean: 0 CFU/side
Contaminated: 1 - 10 CFU/side
Very contaminated: > 10 CFU/side
Warnings and precautions
Do not use product beyond the expiry date marked on the kit.
Do not use the kit if you notice- discoloration or dehydration of the growth medium
- detachment of the growth media from the plastic slide
- evidence of bacterial or fungal growth
Do not touch the growth because any colony growing on the slide may be pathogenic.
Limitations of the method
When used as a contact slide, Hygicult E/ß-GUR equals the contact plate method in sensitivity, whereas the dip and swab procedures have a detection limit of 1000 CFU/ml. The allowed total microbial concentration of normal drinking water is too low to be reliably detected using Hygicult E/ß-GUR. Results obtained with different inoculation systems should not be compared. Valid comparisons can only be made among results obtained using the same technique on the same type of material.
Storage
Store the kit at room temperature (approx. 20 °C) protected from draught, temperature fluctuations and light sources. Avoid storage near heat-generating appliances. Do not allow to freeze. The expiry date (year-month-date) is marked on the box and on the cap of each slide.
-
-
Parts list Sewage Effluent Test kit 11915 Parts list Sewage Effluent Test kit 11915 11915 Description Amount Article number Permanganate Value test Acidifying SE, 20 strips of 10 tablets 3 11947 Permanganate Value, 300 tablets 1 11948 Test jar, 100 ml 3 11990 Free Chlorine 0 - 30 mg/l 1 Reagent FCL1 65ml 1 11950 Reagent FCL2 65ml 1 11951 Syringe 10 ml 1 11980 Test bottle 50 ml 1 11991 Free Chlorine 0 - 1 mg/l Reagent DPD1, 10x10 1 11940 Reagent DPD3, 10x10 1 11941 Tablet crusher 1 11992 Test tube square 10ml, with lid 2 11993 Comparator 1 11994 Chlorine Disc 0 - 1 mg/l 1 11995 pH 4 - 10 Universal pH, 10 x 10 tablets 1 11954 E-Coli Hygicult E/ß-GUR 68267 Test slides 10 ea. 1 11958 Labels 10 ea. 1 11959 Turbidity and Suspended Solids Test Tube scale 5 - 25 1 11997 Test Tube scale 30 - 500 1 11998 Temperature probe 0 - 100 °C 1 11999 -
- Contact us for advise
- E-mail us all test figures over a period of at least 3 months
Interested in Sewage Effluent Test Kit?
Get in touch about pricing, availability, or any questions you have about Sewage Effluent Test Kit. We'll get back to you shortly.